The documentary heritage proposed as a single collection of documents on the activity of the international antinuclear movement (IAM) “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” that put an end to the nuclear arms tests at the Semipalatinsk polygon that brought in its turn great harm to the environment and genofond of the multinational people of Kazakhstan is kept in two archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the Central State Archive of the RK (CSA RK) and the State archive of cinephotodocuments and sound recordings.
The IAM “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” is the first antinuclear non-governmental organization (NGO) on the territory of the former USSR created in 1989 as a natural demand of life directed upon the protection of mankind from the general nuclear danger. Its purpose is to demolish all the polygons of nuclear tests on the territory of Kazakhstan, to create public control over industrial wastes, to create an ecological map of the region. The movement has its charter, organizational structure, cultural symbols.
For more than 40 years beginning August 1949 the steppes of Kazakhstan were a test polygon, centers for uranium processing and places for nuclear technologies wastes’ burial. In summary the total power of nuclear explosions in Kazakhstan exceed the power of the Hiroshima nuclear bomb by 45 thousand times. As scientific research shows there in Kazakhstan approximately 2,6 mln. people fell victim of mutation genesis as a result of prolonged irradiation.
As its primary kinds of activity the movement puts forward:
• The organization of actions directed upon complete prohibition of nuclear tests, the use of nuclear, missile and other kinds of armaments of mass destruction and illegal burial of radioactive and toxic wastes;
• The protection and revitalization of nature, man, culture;
• The protection of human rights;
• The problems of ecology on the national and international levels.
The international antinuclear movement “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” played a positive role in the understanding by the world public of the necessity to fight against nuclear threat, found wide support in the whole world, became a real historical fact in the solution of global ecological problems.
The Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSA
RK), the State Central Archive of cinephotodocuments and sound
recordings.
Custodian
Zhanaev Bolat Tazhibaevich, director of the CSA of the RK.
Seitova Alla Fedorovna, director of the CSA of cinephotodocuments
and sound recordings.
Abai av., 39. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 480091, tel./fax: 671462, e-mail: achiv@cga.kazarchive.kz
Abai av., 39. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 480091, tel.: 671454, fax 671462 (for Seitova)
The cinephotodocuments of the International antinuclear movement
“Nevada-Semipalatinsk”.
a) cinedocuments:
1) “Sary-Ozek. Farewell to arms”. The film about the Sary-Ozek polygon, where there started the demolition of small-range missiles. The date and place of shooting: the Taldy-Kurgan region, 1988. The archive No. 4389
2) “Nevada-Kazakhstan” The cinema journal “The Soviet Kazakhstan”, 1989, No.4. On the activity of the antinuclear movement “Nevada”. The archive No. 4485
3) “Minus four”. On the demolition of 4 medium-range missiles at the Sary-Ozek military polygon within the framework of implementation of the Kazakhstani-American Treaty on the liquidation of medium-range missiles. The date and place of shooting: the Taldy-Kurgan region, 1989. The archive No. 4611
b) photodocuments in the quantity of 20 (the archive numbers: 2-94773, 2-94775, 2-94793, 2-94973, 2-98539, 2-100222, 2-104134 – 2-104137, 2-104147, 2-104159 – 2-104161, 2-104166 – 2-104167, 2-110930, 3-28287, 3-28507, 3-28828), that reflect the activity of the ANM in the regions of Kazakhstan with members of the Committee of the movement
c) the print material: Fond 2208, Inventory 1, Dossier 262, 313 Lists 2, Fond 2225, Inventory 1, Dossiers 91-92, 171, 296, 337-347, 349-352, 354-355, 357-363, 366-369, 372, 275-380, 410. Lists 41 (Altogether: 43 sheets)
d) threat:
1. The collection on paper carriers comprises printed works (newspapers, journal articles, monographs etc). The typescripts, are characterized by the fading of the texts, superimposition of color and lines, punching-through by the keys, which makes it difficult to read them. The paper in pencil and ink faded and yellowed. The press-cuttings with articles and articles about the movement yellowed, the folds are sometimes torn.
2. The chaharacter and condition of the film-, photo-, phonodocuments holdings are diverse and problematic – all are degraded to varying degrees. Films are black-and-white, and include both positives and negatives. Some are on cellulose nitrate stock, the rest are on cellulose acetate.
The phonodocuments. The sound is of poor quality. All the film-, photo-, and phonodocuments are in conditions of degradation, they are frangible, chafed, there are scratches and breaks.
The long-term safe-keeping of documents is one of the most important goals of the CSA. It not always succeeds in maintaining normative regime of safekeeping. Almaty is situated in seismological dangerous zone. The archive building is situated in ecologically polluted region where the level of air pollution is very high. The process of destruction is accelerated. Important documents are preserved in simple boxes in which hydrogen peroxide can appear in case of long preservation. This archive doesn’t have the condition for keeping optimal regime of moisture temperature.
e) The names of 3 independent experts:
1. Peterbridge G. – the international counsellor of the “Memory of the world” programme, director of “Ausheritage” Network
2. Eleusizov M. – chairman of the ecological union of associations of enterprises of Kazakhstan “Tabigat”. Tel.: 72-97-05, fax: 50-18-27.
Zheltoksan str., 115, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 480091.
3. Abishev M. – director of the social-humanist institute of the Kazakh National Agrarian University. Tel. 65-15-17.
Authenticity was determined by the experts: Eleusizov M.,
Abishev M.
Documents of the International Anti-nuclear movement “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” contain an unique source study materials reflecting the history of closing Semipalatinsk nuclear poligon. Activity of movement “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” found a wide support and agreement in all over the world. People made their government to announce the moratorium against nuclear explosion as in Kazakhstan.
(a) time:
The nuclear era started on July 16, 1945 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki – the symbol of barbarian, criminal use of the great achievements of science against mankind.
The STNP was created on August 21, 1947 and was part of the military-industrial complex (MIC) of the USSR, had complete monopoly in all issues connected with the nuclear weapons testing, including the issues of people’s health protection control and welfare of environment upon territories adjoining the polygon. The MIC was interested in the conscious hiding of consequences of nuclear explosions.
The nuclear polygon was for the Kazakhs a symbol of their national oppression (because it was created on Kazakh land by the order from Moscow). Kazakhstan for many years was a polygon for the testing of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological weapons. It is the only state in the world where the nuclear-strategic programmes were carried out in full: the mining and processing of the strategic raw materials, the manufacture and testing of nuclear warheads and demolition of missile units.
The “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement initiated by the poet Olzhas Suleimenov presupposed the closing down of the nuclear polygon in the Semipalatinsk region. It appeared in the conditions when it was not safe not only to be in political opposition to the regime but even put forward radical demands in the sphere of ecology.
The decision on the creation of the International antinuclear movement was taken up on February 28, 1989 that was equal to a challenge to the then all-mighty military-industrial complex of the USSR.
From the moment of its creation the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement consistently carried out actions of protests against nuclear tests at the STNP: multithousand meetings, peace marches, international and regional conferences, Congresses of antinuclear alliance and also addresses to the national and international organizations to stop nuclear tests, for the first time in world practice it used the new model – interaction of popular and parliamentary diplomacy.
The “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement found wide support and approval in the whole world. The peoples made their governments to declare moratorium on nuclear explosions following the example of Kazakhstan. At the present time the affiliates of “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” are created in all regions of Kazakhstan, Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, the Altai, Yakutsk, Bishkek, the USA, France, Germany, Turkey, Mongolia, South Africa, Italy, Izrael and Canada.
Of decisive importance for the cessation of atomic weapons’ testing in Kazakhstan was the gaining of sovereignty by the republic. On August 29, 1991 the President of Kazakhstan N.A.Nazarbayev signed the Decree on the closure of the STNP that was the most important step on the way of mankind to nuclear-free world.
According to the opinion of O.Suleimenov “there is to be singled out in one’s consciousness as a separate factor the threat from genii, from quiet, modest personalities in hidden laboratories”.
(b) place:
For a long time our republic was a place of “ecological war”. The vast territory and scarce density of population served once as a reason for the irresponsible attitude of the leadership of the former Soviet Union towards the environment. The military policy led to the result that the huge territory of Kazakhstan was taken up by military complexes. Taking into account the radiation state in the places, the doses of it upon the population at the territories subject to the influence of the polygon’s activity, the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement proposed to declare the STNP and the districts adjoining to the polygon of the Karaganda, Pavlodar and Eastern-Kazakhstani regions to be the zone of ecological disaster. The ecologically crisis situation that embraced the vast territory of Kazakhstan came up to the critical brink when it could lead to the disruption not only of the people\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'’ health but the genofond of the nation.
On the territory of the former Semipalatinsk test nuclear polygon (STNP) about 2 mln. hectares of agricultural lands became contaminated radioactively.
By the initiative of the IAM “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” and the Government of the RK the General assembly of the UNO considered the situation in which the Semipalatinsk region found itself and adopted the resolution that addressed the international community to render assistance to the leadership of the RK in its efforts to rehabilitate the population that suffered from nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk polygon.
(c) people:
The normal development of any society depends first of all upon the health of the growing generation. The nuclear weapons’ tests inflicted irreparable damage to the health of the people, caused the general illness growth of the population.
The population of the republic already in the course of several decades feels the action not only of the Semipalatinsk but other polygons (Lobnor, Azgir and others).
The people of Kazakhstan committed the first real step to universal nuclear disarmament by stopping the tests in the USSR. The majority of the countries of the world approved the treaty on the prohibition on nuclear weapons’ test.
There for the study of the hereditary damages caused by the effect of the test polygons’ factors is the significance of the wide-spread pathologies in the second and third generations, i.e. the state of health of the progeny of persons who lived near “the polygons in the period of carrying out nuclear tests. Thus in the course of two years by the method of field observation in the “Aksai” republican children’s clinical hospital there was studied the frequency of pathology with 1574 children from Abrali and Abai districts of the Eastern-Kazakhstani region and Maisk district of the Pavlodar region – the grandchildren of the persons, who were subject to irradiation in August, 1949. As a result of the test of the nuclear bombat the STNP there was established that the new formations in this group were more frequent by 3,4 times, illnesses of the blood and blood-breeding organs - by 6,7 times more, illnesses of the nervous system and organs of food-digestion –3,4 times more, illnesses of the skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue - 2,8 times more, inborn anomalies – 3,8 times more than that of children of the control districts.
The number of those who suffered from irradiation according to the data of the UNO experts was more than 1,6 mln. people. There are well-grounded facts that testify that the number of people whose health has been damaged by nuclear tests does not decrease. Today under the threat is the third generation: there are found with the children of school age and pre-school age such illnesses like leukemia, asthma, tuberculosis and other hard illnesses.
(d) subject and theme:
The topicality of the researched theme is stipulated by the necessity to make an estimation of the consequences of the weapons’ tests that inflicted to Kazakhstan huge damage: in the period between 1949 and 1989 on its territory there were carried out approximately 500 nuclear and thermonuclear explosions.
The “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement enriched the world experience of antinuclear fighting by democratic methods of popular and parliamentary diplomacies, strengthened the international authority of non-governmental organizations – the factor that determines the level of life activity of the individual and which is an institutional aspect of social life.
The information by the given problem for a long time was inaccessible to the wide strata, people were limited only to rumors and different suppositions which precluded the really scientific analysis. That is why the scientific researches themselves bore “the mythological” character. Only with the gaining of sovereignty by the Republic of Kazakhstan (the RK) there appeared the possibility of access to the information by the given problem, there appeared the possibility for objective analysis which undoubtedly stimulated the deep scientific researches of the problem.
Of not lesser importance was the creation of different public movements and organizations (non-governmental): in ecology, antinuclear and others.
The World Health Organization (WHO) established that about 80% of modern illnesses are connected with the negative influence of the environment. The priority of ecology is realized by society more and more because the modern man poignantly feels his helplessness before the oncoming ecological disaster. Today the habitat is becoming one of the determining factors that influence the health of people. Ecology at the present time has turned into one of the leading interdisciplinary synthetic sciences that solves the actual problem of the present time – the study of interrelations of mankind with the environment.
The “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement appeared and functions executing the social need of society in closing the polygon, rehabilitation of the population from the consequencies of nuclear tests and fight for nuclear-free world. Social institutions appear in society as large non-planned products of social life. The creation of the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement nobody planned, it was a demand of life directed upon the protection of the future fate of mankind from the hanging nuclear threat. Thus the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” movement stepped onto the way of antinuclear fight, becoming a mighty organized system with its large-scale actions, programme, authoritative leaders who won trust and respect of the people.
Rarity and Integrity
As noted in Section 4.2 above, the archival fond housed in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan is unique and of unquestionable integrity.
CSA of the RK.
Seitova Alla Fedorovna, director of the CSA of cinephotodocuments and sound recordings.
Abai av., 39. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 480091, tel.: 671454, fax 671462 (for Seitova)
State
limited access
Based on the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the national archive fond and archives” Astana, December 22, 1998 N326-13 Rk and “The instruction on the centralized state registration of documents of the National archive fond of the Republic of Kazakhstan” the Committee on the management of archives and documentation of the Ministry of culture, information and public concord of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty, 2000 (the registration N1240 dated 10.09.2000)
archives and documentation of the Ministry of culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty, Abai av., 39. Tel. 8-321-2-67-
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Yes
There in everyday work is carried out work through available means, equipment and staff for the preservation and conservation of these documents. With the available equipment there are maintained the regime control and safe-keeping. The documents go through dusting and airing manually. The lack of staff of qualified restorers who work with modern, ecologically clean materials and restoring equipment does not make it possible to carry out these works although there is a poignant need to do them.
Consultations were determined by the experts: Eleusizov M.,
Abishev M.
f) threat:
1. The collection on paper carriers comprises printed works (newspapers, journal articles, monographs etc). The typescripts, are characterized by the fading of the texts, superimposition of color and lines, punching-through by the keys, which makes it difficult to read them. The paper in pencil and ink faded and yellowed. The press-cuttings with articles and articles about the movement yellowed, the folds are sometimes torn.
2. The chaharacter and condition of the film-, photo-, phonodocuments holdings are diverse and problematic – all are degraded to varying degrees. Films are black-and-white, and include both positives and negatives. Some are on cellulose nitrate stock, the rest are on cellulose acetate.
The phonodocuments. The sound is of poor quality. All the film-, photo-, and phonodocuments are in conditions of degradation, they are frangible, chafed, there are scratches and breaks.
The long-term safe-keeping of documents is one of the most important goals of the CSA. It not always succeeds in maintaining normative regime of safekeeping. Almaty is situated in seismological dangerous zone. The archive building is situated in ecologically polluted region where the level of air pollution is very high. The process of destruction is accelerated. Important documents are preserved in simple boxes in which hydrogen peroxide can appear in case of long preservation. This archive doesn’t have the condition for keeping optimal regime of moisture temperature.
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This nomination has been proposed by (whom)
The Central State Archve of the Republic Kazakhstan
B.T. Janayev, Director
 2004-06-28
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Документальное наследие, предложенное как единственное собрание документов относительно деятельности международного антиядерного движения (IAM) "штат-Невада-Семипалатинск", которые положили конец ядерным испытаниям рук в Семипалатинском многоугольнике, который принес в свою очередь большой вред окружающей среде и genofond многонациональных людей Казахстана, сохранено в двух архивах Республики Казахстана - Центральный государственный Архив RK (федеративные штаты Америки RK) и государственный архив cinephotodocuments и звуковой регистрации. IAM "штат-Невада-Семипалатинск" - первая антиядерная неправительственная организация (неправительственная организация) на территории прежнего СССР, созданного в 1989 как естественное требование жизни, направленной после защиты человечества от общей ядерной опасности. Его цель состоит в том, чтобы уничтожить все многоугольники ядерных испытаний на территории Казахстана, создавать общественный контроль над промышленными отходами, создавать экологическую карту области. Движение имеет его чартер, организационную структуру, культурные символы. В течение больше чем 40 лет, начинающихся август 1949 степи Казахстана были испытательным многоугольником, центры обработки урана и мест для ядерных похорон трат технологий. В резюме полная власть ядерных взрывов в Казахстане превышают власть Хиросимы ядерная бомба к 45 тысячам раз. Как научные показы исследования там в Казахстане приблизительно 2,6 mln. людей пали жертвой из происхождения мутации в результате длительного озарения. Как его первичные виды деятельности движение выдвигает: · организация действий, направленных после полного запрещения ядерных испытаний, использование ядерных, ракета и другие виды вооружений массового разрушения и незаконных похорон радиоактивных и токсических выбросов; · защита и оживление природы, человека, культура; · защита прав человека; · проблемы экологии на национальных и международных уровнях.
Международное антиядерное движение "штат-Невада-Семипалатинск" играло положительную роль в понимании мировой публикой потребности, чтобы бороться против ядерной угрозы, нашел широкую поддержку в целом мире, стал реальным историческим фактом в решении глобальных экологических проблем.
Центральный государственный Архив Республики Казахстана (ЦГА РК), государственный Центральный Архив кино-фото документов и звуковых записей.
Хранитель
Жанаев Болат Тажибаевич, директор ЦГА РК
ул. Абая, 39. Алматы, Казахстан, 480091, tel./fax: 671462, e-mail: achiv@cga.kazarchive.kz
ул. Абая, 39. Алматы, Казахстан, 480091,
tel.: 671454, fax 671462 (для Сеитовой)
Кино-фото документы Интернационального антиядерного движения "Невада-Семипалатинск"
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Yes
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(a) собственник наследия
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2004-06-28
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